Which dietary supplement is crucial in the periconceptional period?

Folic acid is crucial in the periconceptional period because it plays a vital role in DNA synthesis and cell division, which are essential during the early stages of fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before conception and in the early weeks of pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects, which are serious birth defects affecting the brain and spinal cord. This is particularly important as neural tube development occurs within the first few weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman realizes she is pregnant.

In addition to its role in preventing neural tube defects, folic acid also helps in the formation of red blood cells and supports overall growth and development during pregnancy. Health authorities typically recommend a daily supplemental intake of folic acid for women who are planning to conceive and during the early stages of pregnancy to ensure sufficient levels are present to support these critical processes.