What condition is characterized by excessive vomiting during pregnancy?

The condition characterized by excessive vomiting during pregnancy is hyperemesis gravidarum. This severe form of nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances, requiring medical intervention.

Hyperemesis gravidarum goes beyond the typical nausea and vomiting that many pregnant individuals experience, often referred to as morning sickness. While morning sickness, which typically occurs during the first trimester, involves occasional vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum is marked by persistent vomiting, making it difficult for the individual to keep food or fluids down.

In contrast, gestational diabetes primarily involves elevated blood sugar levels during pregnancy and is not characterized by vomiting. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that is associated with high blood pressure and often presents with other symptoms such as swelling and protein in the urine, not excessive vomiting. Each of these other conditions has distinct symptoms and complications that differ significantly from those of hyperemesis gravidarum.